Sunday, October 25, 2015

Ponies


I've been balls deep into the wood pile this week trying to get the homestead ready for: 

El NiƱo.  


Then sometimes your old retro-grouch bike geek buddy rolls up to your wood pile with a van full of sweet new wonder bikes and offers you a private demo of the new Salsa Pony Rustler.  Pretty hard to pass that up.  There have been bike demos down the street all year, seemingly every weekend.  I didn't take out a single bike that wasn't my own all year, but after throwing a leg over the Bucksaw last November, I have been a good deal intrigued by Salsa's line-up.  They are one of very few (my opinion) companies really pushing the developmental envelope continually for the last five years, rising to the requests of some really top notch riders and characters, and in doing so have both opened up what were once nice markets to the masses, and outright creating others.   The Pony Rustler does just this: its a capable machine and I came away mostly impressed.  Being a nit picker and overly keen on my own steeds I had few complaints but most of them were fit related to a personal choice level.  


The B plus platform is here to stay and the potential here for cool fun bikes is off the charts.  I can't say I'm a big fan of spec'ing the boost though, or really why the industry decided to side step what people really want in these future bikes.  ("Boost" is what the industry is calling the widening of the drive line to accommodate the space required from 3" wide tires) From Salsa's point of view I get that its what's available in the form of OEM parts that work; its more that I don't understand the move from the industry.  The boost front hub gets a wider 110 mm OLD (outer locknut dimension) spacing.  Downhill bikes have run this since the original Boxxer fork I believe if not sooner, AND you get a 20mm thru axle that greatly improves performance.  Why make a silly and inferior hybrid axle system for a bike that's clearly meant to rip up downhills when better options have existed for years? And the same goes for the drive line.   The argument here is that going to the 83mm downhill spec bottom Bracket will move your pedals outboard, and it will....a whole 5 millimeters per shoe, I think cleats have more adjustment than that. 

But going here will allow you to run something really novel in the world of future bikes....a granny gear.  With more people heading out with loaded rigs for overnighters and more, all those gears we used to take for granted ten years ago are actually still quite useful.  Less so for big rings, but those 2x setups are pretty attractive.  Think Colorado Trail, y'all.  I believe we referred to it as the granny gear 500 back in 2012, and even in the world of carbon wonder bikes I just don't see the topographical facts of mountains changing.  Really though, its four days after Marty McFly and Doc Brown flew into 2015 in a retrofitted nuclear powered DeLorean.  And just where are those hover boards, anyway? Can't we have these new wonder bikes without the influence from the road bike weight weenie market?  Don't be a sissy.  Its just a couple grams.

Those guys back in 1985 were proud to be making cutting edge 30 pound rigid bikes and you would have been proud when it got you to the top of the mountain and bugs in your teeth the whole way down.   I propose we re-appropriate "boost" as a fitness term for the added effort of having to heave that extra 10mm of crank spindle and 5mm of thru axle to the top of the mountain.



Ok, rant over.  Back to the matter at hand.  I don't really pay much attention to the mainstream bike market, save for what parts and "standards" are doing.  I, for one, am not the type of person in the market for a new carbon squish.  The whole point of posting this tonight is to give nod to those pushing technology in our sport, and to those truly talented beings of our biking world, one who just rolled up in an orange van and will offer much in the push into the future.  But today the notes were taken, and one of the most compelling notes was just how stoked the rest of the public was to ride this bike at the official demo yesterday.  So I do say Mr. Spielburg: Here's your future.

Sunday, September 13, 2015

Yoked!

So here we are into September and I think my bicycle output up until now would qualify as a personal "least productive" year to date.  That said I'm still here making stuff and plenty of that work is still bike oriented.  A lot of those efforts have been going across city limits to the other custom bike shop.  This year has been a year more consumed by tool building, and the payoff will be worth the effort both in the time saved over the long haul and more so in the overall quality of the finished frames.  There's only so much you can do with hand files, folks, and the argument here is not man vs. machine: which method is better.  The hand files still get touched to every piece of metal that makes its way onto the bike, but you just can't manipulate metal with files.

I've resorted to various forms of plate yokes on at least a few different bikes now, and with the dawn of the plus platforms becoming increasingly bright, the need to accommodate sound structure in an area with minimal space is ever present.  I needed a way to accurately persuade plate metal in a symmetrical fashion that would allow for maximal tire and drivetrain clearance.  I kept looking at this piece of railroad track we had sliced off its base a few months ago out at the Viking Ranch.  When it comes to industrial scale metal work the Viking Ranch is way more capable than the Moustache Shop.  His drop saw accurately sliced the mushroom top of the track off effortlessly.  Now to put it to use.  The first step in manipulating metal is work holding.  The track was drilled and tapped on the face and on the side and a clamp was made to hold a 3/16" plate at tight clearance so minimal flex is transmitted through the clamp.  The face clamp is used for the primary bends that need to be symmetrical and the side clamp will be for the secondary bends farther back toward the rear axle.  


Now to apply the force.  Keeping the pressure as close to the bend radius as possible will assure the metal being bent follows true to the form, but I did want the ability to change to 1/4" plate if the need presented itself and allowing for a little leverage off the track sides seemed like it would save my vise, so I kept the rollers a bit outside the width of the track.  The single leg attachment on the bottom of the female "crush lever" assembly is to orient the clamped work piece.  Above the primary bends have already been applied to the machined raw plate.  Below the secondary bends have been added with a more basic lever assembly and a reposition of my work piece clamped in the form.


Before being bent the flat 3/16" plate is cut to something of a diamond shape and the center is relieved to a thickness of .100" on the inside where it will be attached to an extension from the bottom bracket shell.


The yoke and extension are then brazed together and proper inside penetration of the brass is ensured.


The sub assembly is then mitered to the correct length for tire and chainring clearance and tacked to the BB/seat tube sub assembly.  


Stays are now ready to be mitered and attached.  I picked up some slotting saws at a machine shop closing in Phoenix and got the slotting arbor on the Barker PMO mill attached and running for the first time.  Makes a crisp cut.  


For such a small mill I have been really impressed with what it can do as a versatile bike machine.  So far I've done just about every miter on a frame and fork with the exception of seat stays, and all with a very basic swivel vise and a cabinet full of Paragon tubing blocks.  Clearance is tight, and setup is probably not the fastest out there, but the miters are accurate and its been a fun transition.



Stays are mitered and tacked first at the dropouts then at the yoke.  Now awaiting the rest of the bike.  It'll be a sweet one, I promise!

Wednesday, June 17, 2015

...In Dealing with Arizona Mud

Growing up in the Dirty South, mud, rather, "muddin'" was looked at as sport rather than obstacle.  There were bike rides through my teenage years that were purposed with finding the largest puddles we could and riding through them.  That was what big rings were for: full speed charges through puddles after rainstorms, pulling up that front wheel at top speed until it came down through the pooled water to stamp into the sticky ooze below and relieve the rear wheel of all traction duties ejecting the rider over the bars.  That was how I learned to wrench bikes in more ways than one.  The Georgia/Alabama red clay that provides the namesake of the dirty south was a source of pride amongst those who ventured outside.  I remember entering a race where lawnmower goggles were the preferred attire over sunglasses of any sort and the first downhill quickly turned into a run to the creek at the bottom for an impromptu bike wash to get things rolling again.  That clay turned into a slick peanut buttery grease that would stop tires from rolling and kill all fun in any direction.  Racers would routinely apply cooking spray to frames and tires and I even remember one spray on product ("Mudd-off" I think) that was dedicated to the task of shedding mud from bicycles.  Oh where we would be if it actually worked!  I guess I would have nothing to type about today.


Flash forward twenty years to life in the other dirty south...the southwest...home of the Basalt lava flows of the San Francisco volcanic field.  Producer of a mud far more unforgiving than anything ever witnessed in the east.  Yeah, I know, you think the southwest is a desert of endless sunny days with ridiculously warm temperatures making it uninhabitable to normal humans.  Well the third part may be true, but this year has brought about an above average rainfall for the spring leaving areas open for daytime bike adventure long into a season that most years would have left forgotten in the heat by April 1.  I was fortunate enough to receive a phone call from Will over at WTB who was en-route to a five day Coconino 250 attempt over memorial day weekend.  In that moment the wheels were set in motion for a long weekend adventure.  I wouldn't be able to make the whole 250 with the group that identified themselves as the California Camels, but it did allow for a multi day adventure ride through some new country to meet up with another steller adventure that you can read about HERE.


My ride over the weekend would be from Flagstaff to Mingus Mountain and back around Sycamore Canyon, but the early start to monsoon season left the route selection to be a touchy detail.  Rim country (referring to the Mogollon Rim of the Colorado plateau extending from central Arizona to southwest New Mexico) is a likely place to encounter the Basalt flows and the mud that they can produce, so any chance of rain when riding in this area, especially on unfamiliar roads and trails should not be taken lightly.  Descending the rim with a loaded bike is often a granny gear affair for 2000 or so vertical feet (that's right, granny gear downhill), but add some rain into the equation and prepare for a long and slippery walk for miles if you're lucky.  Choose wisely.

My route was looking good as the threatening skies kept temperatures down but never unleashed on day one.  The power line descent known locally as the Casner Route appeared from the top to be dry enough, and it held through to the bottom.  It wasn't until the next day that the signs of what could be started to appear.

This bear track on Mingus Mountain shows the grease that had since dried.  The pebbles that comprise the rest of the trail are nowhere to be seen within the track meaning they were carried off or pressed in.  The mud crack evident in the heel pad is a sure sign that life would have been miserable here under rear wheel power when the track was laid.  Other than this bit of evidence our day was again uneventful and filled with spectacular weather for late May in the high desert grasslands.  An overnight drizzle along the Verde River in Perkinsville would be cause for concern though. 

My route for day three was home following the Pines to Mines route.  If all went well it would be 70-75 miles of dirt road, mostly uphill with ~2500 feet of vertical.  No downhill fun, but a nice pedal and none too steep climbing.  I was out of camp early, bidding the sleepy Camels farewell as they dozed.  The overcast morning showed on and off drizzle.  As I steered toward the rocky climb up the western edge of the Rim, my eyes lay on the ground before me and the residual dampness of the soil below.  A freshly graded road leading toward a mining claim showed evidence of troublesome travel, but the moisture was still too low and the surface remained good.  About halfway up the rim the sandstone rocks that make the Pines to Mines downhill an abusive challenge turn to basalt, the soil to a rich rust red of decomposing iron, and though it wasn't raining presently the overnight drizzle had left its mark.  Tires start to clog, and tiny pebbles are released into chains and derailleurs.  The release of those pebbles was indicative of a mud solution still on the dry side. 


Add a bit more water and those pebbles serve as a binding agent for more mud.  Below the mud is showing enough moisture to stick to itself, but has somehow released from the tire (not common).  It was enough to stop movement and force a get-off, thus clogging my shoes with the same sticky clod.  At its worst imagine your wheels becoming a cinnamon roll of mud and rock.  Conditions here change literally by the minute, but if this area had seen real precipition, I would have no doubt been pushing a very slow and heavy bike, or maybe a sled (pushing the sled is what happens when both wheels lock up and the bike+mud must be pushed along on the skids).  Out here mud clearance is only a matter of the recipe.  No matter how much is built into a bike frame or fork it will be thwarted by the right conditions.  The only measure that can be taken is knowing when to stop before the mess takes hold.  Walking can sometimes save your drivetrain, especially if grass grows off to the side, but the best plan is avoidance entirely.


Memorial Day for me did not present this option; I was to be back on the job on Tuesday.  Fortunately the mud up the rim was short lived and rapid travel resumed atop the plateau.  Ominous clouds loomed around the San Francisco peaks obscuring them from sight, though it was sunny west of Sycamore Canyon.  I never got rained on, save for a drizzle coming around Sycamore Rim trail.  The mud started here, but by the end of the four mile stretch of singletrack, the sun had come out and the trail was rideable again.  I found myself under a power line that runs directly east/west along the southern boundary of the Navajo Army Depot, and here began the mud.  I fell immediately into the commitment trap as skiers call it.  The intended route of unimproved dirt roads proved immediately impassible.  The mud was in full slick status in lanes of travel, unrideable, and sticky at the edges collecting all vegetation and debris surrounding a tire track.  The two track following the power line was muddy but passable, and the decision to keep moving along this route seemed obvious in rising panic of dwindling daylight.  Walking the power line hills would be slow, but the urgency of the situation forced movement.  In retrospect a route north around the Depot would have been the wise choice, utilizing improved roads, but I had not been stopped along the power lines.  Three hours of daylight, twenty miles to good dirt. There was no option for rescue; no one could get there.

The hikes up reminded me of my fire line days; power line cuts make good fire breaks.  The downhills were rideable, speeding travel.  The hills increased in length and steepness as I came up to Volunteer Canyon.  Cresting the last hill before the canyon left a dismal sight of the next power pole over half a mile away.  The bottom of Volunteer canyon was several hundred cliffed out feet below; the sun in the tree tops to the west.  I decided to backtrack.  I needed to get to a known spot on the map before darkness set in.  A singletrack heading directly south was indicated on the map near my position.  I found it with a little searching around, the stacked ancient and rotting timber over the rolling topography revealed the rail grade heading south.  Though not rideable, the travel would be the best of the troublesome situation.  Unimpeded walking would lead me back to the impassible roads of my intended route initially.  The gain in eastward mileage through my detour offered no improvement in road condition.  It was dusk.  I knew what I had to do.  Fifteen more miles of hiking and riding, all of it adjacent to the road.  The amount of moisture fallen that day was one for the records.  The roads were left as a slick that would remain overnight leaving the grass and needle cast to the side as the only means of travel.  Water puddled into a shallow lake between patches of grass in the open meadow offering the bike a short reprieve from some of the mud.  Travel would continue in this manner for the next two hours until the improved gravel of Woody Mountain Road was under rubber.  I pulled the plug a little before 10:00 pm, calling for a ride when I reached pavement.  15 hours of travel time.  Over 80 miles covered.  Worst day ever in the saddle in over 21 years of doing this.  Saved by a rail grade.




The detriment of a day like this to a multi-day route is fairly obvious.  A drivetrain that emerges from a day looking like this takes hours to revive, requiring a full disassembly, and tools that are rarely available in the field.  While waiting out the mud may not always be the best option I would believe the time component to be nearly equal to that of the required bike service.  Of course that excludes weathering a multi-day storm.  The best option in dealing with a situation is careful route planning when travels show signs of turning.  Carry a map and understand the road travel grades in selecting a route.  Improved dirt roads offer a graveled surface that will likely rise above troublesome mud.  Unimproved roads may be smooth but will travel whatever geology the earth's surface may offer.  Avoid the basalt layers in the rain.  Beware aware of Juniper areas when storm clouds are present in Northern Arizona.  Choose wisely.  Walking in the grass before your bike clogs up with mud can save a major headache down the road.  Recognize the situation; pressing on will not change the weather, but traveling cautiously with regards to road surface when mud gets bad could ensure speedier travel later on because you saved your bike.  Clean out your tires before they clog up your frame and drivetrain.  A piece of stiff fencing wire does wonders at this.  Clogged pedal cleats are way more favorable than clogged chain and derailleurs, just as a 60 pound bike is better than a 100 pounder.  It will be slow; it will be miserable; it will come to a memorable end.



Saturday, May 09, 2015

Thru Axle Unicrown Fork, Vise Pedestal

This fork is on its way to Alaska after getting a coat of black powder to fit up onto a bike I did up a couple years back.  It is a long time in the works, mainly because for the longest time I didn't have a dummy thru axle, but then because the machine tooling obsession took over and I really didn't want to hand miter another unicrown fork.  It has the original Paragon thru axle dropouts that I ordered when they first came available, so that should put a bit of a timeline to the project to those of you who want to really pick this apart.  So now its done and its about the most badass rigid fork I can imagine.  Raked tapered blades, externally butted steerer, tabs for a truss rack, clearance for 29+or-"er.







Oh yeah, I welded up a sweet new rocket ship vise pedestal.  The angle of the photograph makes it look small and top heavy.  It isn't.  Its 36" high bringing the jaws up to about 42" from the floor in hopes of getting better posture when polishing brass.  Thanks to the viking for the time on the mig welder to make this happen.  Its super sturdy and I haven't even bolted it to the floor yet.  

Here's a better picture:



Thursday, April 02, 2015

Turning 4130


A while back after purchasing that lathe I got the idea of turning some tapered non-tapered steerer tubes that would better match up with the offering of 1 1/4" diameter unicrown blades and give a nice and thick attachment point for the fork "crown."  Prior efforts at achieving this effect were accomplished by brazing a sleeve onto the bottom of the crown to increase the diameter of a steerer tube where the fork blades attach.  Machining this piece takes one of the heat cycles out of the equation and ultimately yields what I believe is a better product as the reduction from 1 1/4" at the bottom to 1 1/8" at the stem clamp is carried inside the head tube by very gradual 0.75 degree taper rather than abruptly at the crown race seat.  This design utilizes the tried and true straight 1 1/8" headsets of any configuration (internal/external) rather than the 1 1/8" to inch and whatever taper cups that more and more bikes are going to, suspension forks or otherwise.  It should be noted that these designs do certainly have their place, particularly in the suspension world, but the reason for doing this is to create the best brazed bike I can, in this case a dedicated rigid.  This piece gives the blade's crown miter a full wrap of the steerer tube while simultaneously beefing up a part of the bike that sees more and more force applied to it with disc brakes and increasingly fatter tires.   Fat tires SUBSTANTIALLY amplify braking forces and chattery rigid forks are discouraging at best.


Starting with some 1.25" x .125 wall 4130 cromoly, I set about designing the steerer tube from the bottom up, giving ample room for blade and crown race seat attachment.  I carried the taper 80mm into the steerer and some trig starting with the O.D. of the crown race seat area and subtracting the stem clamp diameter gave me a change in radius of 1.1mm and a taper angle of around 0.75 degrees.  Click to photos to full screen.  Calculations at this point are more accurate than my tooling can read so I rounded up the math (I'm talking math into minutes and seconds here versus a machinist's protractor that reads 5 minute intervals).

With the design laid out onto the tube I setup the lathe.  Now I have not spent much time with 4130 on the lathe.  My first cuts were looking pretty terrible with lots of galling and I was getting discouraged when the phone rang with a call from my buddy Evan at Idyllic Cycleworks.  Evan owns Moustache number 4 and has since found himself getting increasingly involved in a bicycle oriented machine shop in Fort Collins, CO.  He was able to give me some pointers that started with some new indexible tooling and inserts that allowed for deeper cuts at a higher speed.  4130 is rather counterintuitive when machining.  All the metals have their quirks though as I'm finding out.  With these pointers and a new bit I started making some practice cuts.  Turn it UP!


The roughing cut above already improved upon my initial efforts by leaps and bounds.


Messing around with tip angle for finishing cuts.  Above are samples trying out different feeds rates and RPMs 


The results were immediately better, but presented me with the learning machiner's problem of needing to take a thick cut for a finishing pass to get an accurate diameter of 28.6 mm for the stem clamp.  I went about the process in a more planned manner than I have to date:  Two roughing passes of 0.028", then a finishing pass to take off the measured remainder accounting for tool deflection.


Now with a plan on paper, the next hurdle was the taper transition.  My lathe does not have a taper attachment allowing the turning of a taper under power feed, so the taper would have to be done using the compound slide under manual feed.  This meant a smooth transition from power feed to manual feed would be imperative.  This lathe will stop itself with the power feed on if an obstruction is met, so I made up a carriage stop.  By placing this in front of the carriage where the tool bit met the start of the taper I could manually engage the compound feed without stopping.  Stopping even for a second would produce a groove in the work piece that would be a direct trip to the recycling bin.  There is certainly room for improvement on this method by milling out a taper template for the cross slide to follow under power, but that's another project for another day.  In the meantime I managed to produce three usable steerers and one decorative piece of practice metal, and also some seriously long pieces of blued out phone cord lathe chip.  The blued out coil was a happy cut in chromoly, and you still can't fake a chip.


Thanks for following along in the geek text!



Tuesday, March 24, 2015

Handlebar Fixturing

I've been on a bit of a handlebar bender lately (hahaha).  A calculated bender though.  I mean I've been calculating my bender.  I mean calibrating my bender.  Wow, worst opening lines ever.  So I took some of that custom drawn True Temper stock and started turning it into some bar samples in order to make repeatable bends on the home made bender which is not machined, so not totally calculable, and more meant for bending fork blades, but works just fine for 7/8" tubing.


This being the machine era has led me to start working up some fixturing for handlebar pieces, particularly bull moose stem pieces.  Handlebars, especially fixed position handlebars, are always a challenge as you are taking a position that (hopefully) works for works the rider, yet that still has some degree of adjustment (bar tilt, stem height, stem extension and angle), and trying to replicate the position permanently.  Probably the biggest challenge in this is the difficulty of measuring all of the varibles as even when isolated they are still very three dimensional.  (Frames, on the other hand are quite two dimensional in design even though the end result is three dimensional).  Different brands of handlebars place the bends at different locations along the bar giving a different extension and hand position between bars.   Its not just 9 degrees bend and 700 mm wide, its where the location of the 9 degrees sits giving the end result of 700 mm.  Placing the bends more inboard toward the centerline will result in a hand position with less extension and a longer piece of raw stock.  Then there's rotation and upsweep and the fact that this will all be altered on bikes with differing head angles.  It all comes back to hand position in whether or not the effort is a success.

I decided to start with the hardest one first--the gray one with the large single bend on the bottom of the picture above.  Single bend bull moose 17/34 degrees sweep with 80mm extension based around an existing setup that was working for the rider on a bike with a 70 degree head angle with no stem angle.  With the bend of the new bar being forward of where the stem clamp of the current setup would be, I was left to choose a point in space to establish 80mm of extension.  For me this is done by measuring in from the ends and connecting with a line to represent a regular handlebar centerline.  I used an existing bar for this measurement and adjusted as I felt necessary.  Now for the hard part, three dimensional mitre angles.  I plot work on a full scale drawing, but getting to this step stumped me for a while, and it made me wish for some tooling that doesn't exist yet, at least to my knowledge.  


Work of this type usually goes better if there is an all encompassing plan laid out to the end, but sometimes that is just not possible and the problems must be met as they arise.  The latter was definitely the case with this project.  I started with making the fixture above out of some scrap solar energy parts without really knowing if it would fully accomplish what I was hoping.  I figured that if nothing else it would allow me to miter the steerer clamp, but was hoping to do all mitering without removing the pieces from the fixture which could create a whole new set of variables.  I made the miter for the clamp and was still puzzled by the bar angle needing to accommodate the 4 degrees of upsweep I had designed.  I left the pieces in the fixture alone for a few days and what finally led me to the answer was the realization that I needed to think of these cuts around the bar and not around the bike.  4 degrees of upsweep at the end translated to a measurable 1.5 degrees looking at the side profile which was then added to the head tube angle to clamp the bar.  The cut angle was matching that of the bar at 17 degrees AND I was able to mirror the cut so as to not change any settings or re-fixture between sides!  Confused yet?


Now onto the next fixturing problem.  Thus far I've fixed these projects for tacking with whatever is laying around that'll pass as a flat surface.  Fortunately I was passed along an old Anvil seat stay mitering fixture with the directive to cut it up and make it work.  Awesome words right there.  The possibilities of perpendicular tee slots in machined metal are pretty endless.  For now I am just using the fixture as a flat surface for clamping as you can see here.  I did make some 4 degree wedges for fixturing the upsweep.  The steerer clamp is held on the fixture I made for the original bull moose project some years back.  Everything is lined up using squares off the flat and is then measured/marked for center.  All told there is much left to be desired in future tooling, but having a few more of these done will benefit that design greatly.  



The finished product atop another manufacturing side project.   I'm really stoked with how the machine era is furthering the process.  Its been a complete re-calibration on my part, but a quite enjoyable one that I feel will continue to produce better results.  All told THIS bar probably took longer than if I had just cut it up with files, but that time investment will pay off in the next one, and the third one is just hours in the bank.  I read an argument recently that machines eliminate the artisan (artistic) element to bicycle fab, but I find little merit in this argument.  I'd venture to say that its an argument made by someone who has not used a machine.  You can drive them at your will, just like the bike in the end.  Sure you can use the machine to make cookie cutter product. Sometimes this is their place and rightfully so.  You can also use them to create plenty of things that you just couldn't with your hack saws and files.  Its all tools for the process.  Sometimes you need tools to make tools.  I will say that I'm glad to have the last six or seven years of doing things the way I was to serve as a background for knowing what I wanted to do in the machine era.  Turns out that isolating learning curves is a good idea too.

Sunday, March 08, 2015

The M.M.F.F.H.U

I will now proceed to sum up the most missed spectacle of the Sedona Mountain Bike Festival: the Moustache March Friday Fun Hater Unvitational.....


In the 6th promised hour and after much triumph and tribulation in the field of bonk management, the third attempt at crossing Oak Creek proved to be the divisive move in group dynamics.  The bonus miles, hours, trails and roads that followed this maneuver were left to individual devices.  ALL in attendance survived and were reportedly satisfied with the experience.

***The rest of the event was also top notch***